Juan Moyano / Alamy
People with depression experience symptoms such as persistent low mood, a lack of hope or motivation, low self-esteem, indecision and anxiety.
Although it is often seen as a modern complaint, people have long experienced depression, often under other names such as “nerves” or “melancholia”.
The precise causes of depression are not yet known, but genetics, the microbiome, social stress and child abuse are among the many factors that have been implicated in the condition. Our immune system may be involved too – there is evidence suggesting that brain inflammation may be an underlying cause.
Antidepressants are commonly prescribed as a treatment for depression. Other treatments include talking therapies, such as cognitive behavioural therapy.
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There is some evidence to suggest that regular exercise, and even hot baths, may help prevent or relieve some depression.
